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The present study deals with the origin of the hemoglobin O-Thrace mutation on the basis of β-globin gene RFLP’s. DNA samples were collected from 56 individuals. Fifteen polymorphic sites within the beta-globin gene cluster as well as the mutation site were detected by the use of restriction enzymes after PCR amplification of appropriate sequences. Beta-globin gene frameworks as well as the mutation site were detected by DNA sequencing. HbO-Thrace was proved to be identical to HbO-Arab. Results included the following: i) HbO-Thrace is related in 85% of cases with the + - - - - - + + 5’ subhaplotype and in 15% with the + - - - - - + - one, while its relation with the - + + - - + + 3’ subhaplotype is total. These data indicate that the HbO-Thrace mutation evolved on the + - - - - - + + / - + + - - + + haplotype, which can be used as a genetic marker for its detection, while a recombination event between this haplotype and haplotype I must have taken place later on. The + - - - + 5; subha ...
The present study deals with the origin of the hemoglobin O-Thrace mutation on the basis of β-globin gene RFLP’s. DNA samples were collected from 56 individuals. Fifteen polymorphic sites within the beta-globin gene cluster as well as the mutation site were detected by the use of restriction enzymes after PCR amplification of appropriate sequences. Beta-globin gene frameworks as well as the mutation site were detected by DNA sequencing. HbO-Thrace was proved to be identical to HbO-Arab. Results included the following: i) HbO-Thrace is related in 85% of cases with the + - - - - - + + 5’ subhaplotype and in 15% with the + - - - - - + - one, while its relation with the - + + - - + + 3’ subhaplotype is total. These data indicate that the HbO-Thrace mutation evolved on the + - - - - - + + / - + + - - + + haplotype, which can be used as a genetic marker for its detection, while a recombination event between this haplotype and haplotype I must have taken place later on. The + - - - + 5; subhaplotype is very rare (~0,3%) in Greece, but quite common in normal genes of Pomak origin (~12%). ii) The + - - - - - + + / - + + - - + + haplotype could be explained as product of a recombination event between haplotypes I and II, which are detected in large percentages within Greek population, being followed by the arousal of the HbO-Thrace mutation. iii) The - + + - + + + + 5’ subhaplotype, which was found in about 35% of normal Pomak β-globin genes, can be explained as the product of a recombination event between the common haplotypes II and IX. iv) The presence of two rare haplotypes in merely half of the chromosomes of Pomak origin, implies that Pomaks consist a population where genetic drift is intense, probably due to genetic isolation and elevated inbreeding rate. v) The presence of the rare CCTCT framework in both HbO-Thrace chromosomes of Pomak origin and HbO-Arab chromosomes found elsewhere suggests a common origin for the CD121GAA→AAA mutation. In conclusion, Pomaks, who carry the HbO-Thrace mutation in a considerably high percentage (~4,5%), seem to represent a compact, isolated population of mediterranean origin with much inbreeding, in which genetic drifts were advantaged to evolve. This reflects to the presence of two rare haplotypes, one that was related with almost half of the normal β-globin genes and another that was related with almost all the β-globin genes carrying the HbO-Thrace mutation. Thus, it is highly likely that Pomak region was the pool from where HbO-Thrace was emerged and dispersed throughout all known countries, possibly via the conquers of the Ottoman Empire. Later on, a recombination event took place on a mutant gene between haplotype I. All mutant HbO-Thrace genes dispersed worldwide could have participated in local recombination events, without losing their original genetical characteristics. The genetic affinity between Pomaks and the rest of Greeks, based on the similar way that haplotypes are distributed among their normal and thalassemic chromosomes, is referred as secondary but not of less interest conclusion.
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