Ο ρόλος της λεπτίνης στην επιβίωση των ασθενών με μελάνωμα στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό

Περίληψη

Η συχνότητα του κακοήθους μελανώματος στον Καυκασιανό πληθυσμό αυξάνεται παγκοσμίως καθιστώντας το μελάνωμα τον πιο γρήγορα αυξανόμενο καρκίνο στο λευκό πληθυσμό, με εξαίρεση τον καρκίνο του πνεύμονα στις γυναίκες264. Η παχυσαρκία αποτελεί παράγοντα κινδύνου για αρκετές μορφές κακοήθειας, ωστόσο η αλληλεπίδραση μελανώματος και παχυσαρκίας δεν έχει μελετηθεί επαρκώς. Ανθρωπομετρικοί παράγοντες, όπως το ύψος, το βάρος και ο δείκτης επιφανείας μάζας σώματος έχουν συσχετιστεί με αυξημένο παράγοντα κινδύνου για αρκετές κακοήθειες συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του μελανώματος66, 204, 213. Η λεπτίνη, μία ορμόνη που εκκρίνεται από το λιπώδη ιστό, ελέγχει την πρόσληψη τροφής και το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο στέλνοντας σήματα στον υποθάλαμο265. Τα επίπεδα λεπτίνης ορού σχετίζονται θετικά με τη σύνθεση ινσουλίνης και τα επίπεδα ινσουλίνης στο αίμα266. Αυξημένα επίπεδα λεπτίνης ορού έχουν συσχετιστεί με την παχυσαρκία και κάποιους καρκίνους, όπως του μαστού και του ενδομητρίου. Καμία προηγούμενη μελέτη όμως δ ...
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Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα

The incidence of malignant melanoma in Caucasian individuals has been increasing worldwide making melanoma the most rapidly increasing cancer in white populations except for lung cancer among women264. Obesity represents a risk factor for several cancer types; regarding melanoma, the field of Στιs γυναίκες τα αποτελέσματα δεν ήταν στατιστικώς σημαντικά [0.98 (95%CI: 0.92-1.05)για τις υπέρβαρες και 0.99 (95%CI: 0.83-1.18) για τις παχύσαρκες]. Τα ευρήματα ήταν αντίστοιχα και όσον αφορά το δείκτη επιφανείας σώing for skin type, medical history, socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters. The mean HOMA-IR was approximately 1.5 times higher in cases than in controls (p=0.05). Among controls, HOMA-IR correlated positively with Body Mass Index (r=0.34; p=0.0001), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (r=0.20; p=0.01), negatively with serum adiponectin (r=-0.21; p=0.006), whereas the correlation with leptin was essentially null. (0.09; p=0.27). The established positive association of melanoma with skin type was evident in multiple logistic regression models and so was with HOMA-IR (OR=1.30; 95%CI=1.02-1.66, p=0.03); the latter association persisted after adjustment for anthropometric variables and adiponectin but was attenuated when leptin was introduced in the model. Our findings point to insulin resistance (IR) as a potentially independent risk factor for melanoma. Finally, we studied a small cohort of melanoma patients in order to examine the relation of serum leptin with melanoma survival; to authors’ knowledge, there are no studies or published data associating leptin with the survival from the disease. 150 patients aged 23 to 88 years suffering newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed melanoma and consecutively referred to the Oncology Department of “Laikon” Hospital during the period November 2007 to March 2009 agreed to collaborate and were included in the study following in person interview for about 30 minutes by a trained health professional. Information concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle, medical history parameters, anthropometric measurements and skin sensitivity to sun exposure were recorded. Morning fasting blood samples were drawn from all cases for insulin and leptin levels measurements. Survival data until December 2012 were provided by the treating physician. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for the survival analysis of study variables (stage, histology, body mass index, education, smoking, skin type and age). Among men, Cox derived hazard ratios indicated that higher stage, other than superficial spreading or nodular melanoma histology and advanced age were associated with poorer outcome. A sizeable, albeit of borderline statistical significance association of smoking and dark skin with survival is of note also among men, whereas BMI is inversely associated with survival among men and positively among women, although the latter association does not reach nominal statistical significance. Inclusion of leptin and/or insulin levels in the models did not affect the above correlations, whereas the association of these hormones with survival seems to be neutral. The present doctoral thesis examined the role of leptin, obesity and insulin resistance in relation to melanoma risk and survival in Greek patients. Our suggestive findings point to obesity as a potential risk factor for melanoma along with the subsequent insulin resistance. On the other hand, leptin and insulin do not seem to interfere with melanoma survival
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Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα

The incidence of malignant melanoma in Caucasian individuals has been increasing worldwide making melanoma the most rapidly increasing cancer in white populations except for lung cancer among women264. Obesity represents a risk factor for several cancer types; regarding melanoma, the field of the obesity-risk interplay remains unclear. Anthropometrical measures, such as height, weight, and body mass index, have been associated with an increased risk of several malignancies, including melanoma66, 204, 213. Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, controls food intake and energy balance by providing signals to the hypothalamus265. Serum levels of leptin are positively related with body composition and insulin levels, while increased plasma levels of leptin have been associated with obesity and some types of cancer267, including breast and endometrial cancer268. No previous study, however, has explored whether serum leptin is associated with melanoma. In accordance with the study o ...

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d body surface area (BSA). The search strategy yielded 21 eligible articles. Among them, 11 used a case-control design encompassing 4,460 cases and 6,342 controls; 10 used a cohort design whose total size comprised 6,262,292 subjects (7,708 incident cases). The pooled effect estimate was 1.31 (95%CI: 1.18-1.45) for overweight males and 1.31 (95%CI: 1.19-1.44) for obese males. Meta-regression did not point to a significant slope, most probably due to the underlying plateau in effect estimates. Among females, no significant association was documented, as the pooled effect estimates for overweight and obese subjects was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.92-1.05) and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.83-1.18), respectively. All results were reproducible upon analyses on BSA. Our final conclusion was that overweight and obese males seem to present with elevated melanoma risk. Since leptin, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR) are interrelated and have been implicated in carcinogenesis, we thought to explore the association of the disease with insulin resistance in a small size case control study85. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined in 55 incident melanoma patients and 165 age- and gender-matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were derived adjusting for skin type, medical history, socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters. The mean HOMA-IR was approximately 1.5 times higher in cases than in controls (p=0.05). Among controls, HOMA-IR correlated positively with Body Mass Index (r=0.34; p=0.0001), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (r=0.20; p=0.01), negatively with serum adiponectin (r=-0.21; p=0.006), whereas the correlation with leptin was essentially null. (0.09; p=0.27). The established positive association of melanoma with skin type was evident in multiple logistic regression models and so was with HOMA-IR (OR=1.30; 95%CI=1.02-1.66, p=0.03); the latter association persisted after adjustment for anthropometric variables and adiponectin but was attenuated when leptin was introduced in the model. Our findings point to insulin resistance (IR) as a potentially independent risk factor for melanoma. Finally, we studied a small cohort of melanoma patients in order to examine the relation of serum leptin with melanoma survival; to authors’ knowledge, there are no studies or published data associating leptin with the survival from the disease. 150 patients aged 23 to 88 years suffering newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed melanoma and consecutively referred to the Oncology Department of “Laikon” Hospital during the period November 2007 to March 2009 agreed to collaborate and were included in the study following in person interview for about 30 minutes by a trained health professional. Information concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle, medical history parameters, anthropometric measurements and skin sensitivity to sun exposure were recorded. Morning fasting blood samples were drawn from all cases for insulin and leptin levels measurements. Survival data until December 2012 were provided by the treating physician. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for the survival analysis of study variables (stage, histology, body mass index, education, smoking, skin type and age). Among men, Cox derived hazard ratios indicated that higher stage, other than superficial spreading or nodular melanoma histology and advanced age were associated with poorer outcome. A sizeable, albeit of borderline statistical significance association of smoking and dark skin with survival is of note also among men, whereas BMI is inversely associated with survival among men and positively among women, although the latter association does not reach nominal statistical significance. Inclusion of leptin and/or insulin levels in the models did not affect the above correlations, whereas the association of these hormones with survival seems to be neutral. The present doctoral thesis examined the role of leptin, obesity and insulin resistance in relation to melanoma risk and survival in Greek patients. Our suggestive findings point to obesity as a potential risk factor for melanoma along with the subsequent insulin resistance. On the other hand, leptin and insulin do not seem to interfere with melanoma survival
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Εναλλακτικός τίτλος
Leptin and melanoma survival in Greece
Συγγραφέας
Αντωνιάδης, Αντώνιος (Πατρώνυμο: Γεώργιος)
Ημερομηνία
2013
Ίδρυμα
Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Σχολή Επιστημών Υγείας. Τμήμα Ιατρικής. Τομέας Παθολογίας. Κλινική Α' Παθολογική
Εξεταστική επιτροπή
Γκόγκα Ελένη
Βαϊόπουλος Γεώργιος
Πετρίδου Ελένη
Πολύζος Άρης
Στρατηγός Αλέξανδρος
Μαστοράκος Γεώργιος
Ψαλτοπούλου Θεοδώρα
Επιστημονικό πεδίο
Ιατρική και Επιστήμες ΥγείαςΒασική Ιατρική
Ιατρική και Επιστήμες Υγείας
Δηλώνω ότι έλαβα γνώση και ανεπιφύλακτα συμφωνώ και αποδέχομαι τους Όρους Χρήσης του Εθνικού Αρχείου Διδακτορικών Διατριβών, καθώς και της
Λέξεις-κλειδιά
Μελάνωμα; Λεπτίνη; Επιβίωση; Παχυσαρκία; Ινσουλίνη

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Χώρα
Ελλάδα
Γλώσσα
Ελληνικά
Άλλα στοιχεία
138 σ., εικ., πιν., σχημ., ευρ.