Abstract
In order to study the distribution of CF mutations in northern Greece, 83 patients originated from northern Greece, were analysed initially for the 11 most common mutations (DF508, G542X, R553X, G551D, N1303K, R334W, W1282X, R117H , E822X, 621+1G>T and 1717-1G>A). The analysis allowed the identification of 66.28 % of the CF chromosomes. ΔF508 was found to be the most frequent mutation with frequency 46.98 % followed by the 621 +1G>T at a rate of 9.63 % .The high frequency of the 621+1G>T mutation in the region of northern Greece led to the association analysis of the 621+1G>T mutation with distinct haplotypes for seven polymorphic markers. Two haplotypes showed a strong association with 621+1G>T mutation (87.5 % and12.5 % respectively), while these specific haplotypes did not appear to be linked with the absence of mutation or the ΔF508, result that strengthens the origin of the mutation from Northern Greece. Next step was the screening of the 27 exons and adjacent introns, by the SSCP ...
In order to study the distribution of CF mutations in northern Greece, 83 patients originated from northern Greece, were analysed initially for the 11 most common mutations (DF508, G542X, R553X, G551D, N1303K, R334W, W1282X, R117H , E822X, 621+1G>T and 1717-1G>A). The analysis allowed the identification of 66.28 % of the CF chromosomes. ΔF508 was found to be the most frequent mutation with frequency 46.98 % followed by the 621 +1G>T at a rate of 9.63 % .The high frequency of the 621+1G>T mutation in the region of northern Greece led to the association analysis of the 621+1G>T mutation with distinct haplotypes for seven polymorphic markers. Two haplotypes showed a strong association with 621+1G>T mutation (87.5 % and12.5 % respectively), while these specific haplotypes did not appear to be linked with the absence of mutation or the ΔF508, result that strengthens the origin of the mutation from Northern Greece. Next step was the screening of the 27 exons and adjacent introns, by the SSCP method, followed by DNA sequencing. Extensive analysis revealed seven known mutations (2183AA>G, 406-6T>C, M348K, 306delTAGA, 4332delTG, R297Q and 4574A>G). It is worth mentioning that the 4574A>G (X1481W) mutation, which was found in one patient in double heterozygosity with the G542X mutation, is the third case of a de novo mutation worldwide.Simultaneously the analysis detected five known polymorphisms in different regions of the gene: 125G>C (5'UTR), c.876-31delTTGA (intron 6), c.4002A>G (exon 20), 4374+13A>G (exon 23) c.4521G>A (exon 24). In the attempt to correlate the patients genotype with their phenotype, the effect of each mutation (depending on the type, class by Zielenski, position), the possible interaction of mutations in double heterozygous patients, and the contribution of the detected polymorphisms, in the clinical phenotype of patients, were tested.
Significant phenotypic heterogeneity was found. The results revealed that patients who actually showed illness signs heavier than expected based on their genotype (mild and severe mutation, or a combination of two mild mutations) were carrying polymorphisms in cis position with the mild mutations, in sites as 5'UTR, exon splicing sites, or in ESE sites. These polymorphisms may affect negatively the rate of transcription and even the process of the precursor mRNA. Moreover, the correlation of the genotype with the clinical phenotype was analysed in the 83 patients from Northern Greece. Statistically significant difference was found for the type of microorganisms growing in the cultures of sputum. Furthermore statistically significant difference was found for electrolyte concentration. The possibility of the existence of other genes that may affect the differentiation of the clinical phenotype was investigated by analyzing the PRSS1 and PSTI genes, which are associated with the occurrence of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. The main purpose was to investigate the possible modifying role of these two genes in the clinical phenotype of CF. The analysis showed that one patient with genotype ΔF508/ΔF508 was found homozygous for the A16V mutation in the PRSS1 gene. The presence of this mutation in only one patient, may be just a coincidence, or vice versa can be a strong indication of the contribution of some modifying genes in the phenotype of cystic fibrosis.
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