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The aim of this study was to investigate the land cover changes and the trends of secondary forest succession during the period 1945–2009, as well as the existed environmental-successional trend relationships, in the Natura sites of: Elatia Pyramis Koutra (GR1140003) and Rodopi Simyda (GR1140002), through the extraction of quantitative and qualitative information about the areas with the available dataset. In order to the estimate the factors affecting the forest changes, the distribution of the forest types of the newly established forests in relation to topographic factors (aspect, slope and elevation), bedrock type, and the distance from the old forest edge, were examined by performing spatial analysis using cartographic data. Data analysis showed that a great expansion of forests was observed in the area, though a secondary forest succession process resulted in covering almost all the area by forests. However, the observed secondary forest succession did not result in a uniform for ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the land cover changes and the trends of secondary forest succession during the period 1945–2009, as well as the existed environmental-successional trend relationships, in the Natura sites of: Elatia Pyramis Koutra (GR1140003) and Rodopi Simyda (GR1140002), through the extraction of quantitative and qualitative information about the areas with the available dataset. In order to the estimate the factors affecting the forest changes, the distribution of the forest types of the newly established forests in relation to topographic factors (aspect, slope and elevation), bedrock type, and the distance from the old forest edge, were examined by performing spatial analysis using cartographic data. Data analysis showed that a great expansion of forests was observed in the area, though a secondary forest succession process resulted in covering almost all the area by forests. However, the observed secondary forest succession did not result in a uniform forest type, confirming the environmental-successional trend relationships. In the region of Elatia, three main succession trends were observed: towards the formation of Pinus sylvestris forest, towards Picea abies forests, and towards Fagus sylvatica forests. Similarly, in the region of Simyda, five main succession trends were observed: towards the formation of P. sylvestris, towards Betula pendula, towards Quercus sp. and mixed formations of P. sylvestris-B. pendula and B. pendula-P. sylvestris forests. The new forest distribution profiles were different from the old forest. In Elatia area, P. sylvestris forest was most popular in the newly established forests, while P. abies and F. sylvatica comprise the dominant forest types of the old forests. In Simyda area, the mixed trends were more popular than the unmixed forests of P. sylvestris and B. pendula. All the environmental factors studied were found to influence the formation of new forests in the area, but the distance to parent stands had the largest influence. The research with field studies for the region of Elatia, confirmed the above results and revealed stand structure differences among different stages of succession in a chronosequence approach. Subsequently, a modeling effort was conducted with an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model, in which there were problems with spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity. As a result basic rules of regression were violated. Then the Spatial AutoRegression (SAR) model was applied to cope with spatial autocorrelation and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to cope with both spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity. GWR model showed spatial variability of the parameters of the model and the corresponding maps were produced, concluding that modeling of secondary ecological succession is a difficult task, especially in such complex landscapes as the mountainous northern Greece.
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