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INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an excl24ωρης καταγραφής (14,6 ± 4,8) (to0,6, pdevices for bloo συντελεστή συσχέτισης της (CV, coefficient of variation) ΣΑΠ ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,12 ± 0,04) (r=0,47, p<0,05), το TRI της ΣΑΠ της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,48 ± 0,10) (r=0,57, p<0,05) καθώς και το TRI της ΣΑΠ ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,48 ± 0,13) (r=0,72, p <0,05). Επιπλέον, μόνον ο δείκτης ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής STRI συσχετίσθηκε ανεξάρτητα ηλικίας και 24ωρης ΑΠ με τον δείκτη μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας (Β=0,437, p<0,05). Επιπλέον, ο ίδιος δείκτης (Β=0,618, ρ<0,001), αλλά η ηλικία (Β=0,402, p<0,05) συσχετίσθηκαν και με την διάμετρο του αριστερού κόλπου. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Τα κύρια ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής είναι: α) Η αυτόματη ταλαντωσιμετρική συσκευή μέτρησης ΑΠ σε ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή φαίνεται να είναι αξιόπιστη κυρίως στην αξιολόγηση της ΣΑΠ, β) Ο αλγόριθμος αυτόματης ανίχνευσης κολπικής μαρμαρυγής κατά τη διάρκεια της μέτρησης της ΑΠ φαίνεται να είναι αξιόπιστος στην διάγνωση κολπικής μαρμαρυγής, γ) Σε ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή διαπιστώθηκε ότι υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικοί δείκτες όπως ο δείκτης μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας και η διάμετρος του αριστερού κόλπου συσχετίζονται με τη ΣΑΠ 24ωρης καταγραφής είτε ιατρείου, καθώς και με την συστολική πίεση σφυγμού είτε ιατρείου είτε της 24ωρης καταγραφής, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε συσχέτιση της ΔΑΠ με τους υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικούς δείκτες. Άρα, σε συνθήκες κολπικής μαρμαρυγής, η αυτόματη μέτρηση της ΣΑΠ προβλέπει την ασυμπτωματική βλάβη οργάνων-στόχων. δ) Οι ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερη μεταβλητότητα της ΔΑΠ όπως καταγράφεται με συσκευή 24ωρης καταγραφής της ΑΠ, συγκριτικά με την ομάδα ασθενών με φλεβοκομβικό ρυθμό, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε διαφορά στη μεταβλητότητα της ΣΑΠ μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων, ε) Τέλος, διαπιστώθηκε ασθενής συσχέτιση, που χρήζει περισσότερων μελετών για την αξιολόγηση της, μαγραφής (120 ± 14,1mmHg) (r=0,43, p=0,052) το δείκτη ταχύτητας μεταβολής στο χρόνο (ΤRI, time rate index) της ΣΑΠ ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,48±0,13) (r=0,44,p<0,05).Η διάμετρος του αριστερού κόλπου (49,9 ± 5,2 mm) παρουσίαζε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση με τη σταθερή απόκλιση της ΣΑΠ της 24ωρης καταγραφής (10,3 ± 2,5) (r=0,57, p<0,05), με τη σταθερή απόκλιση της ΣΑΠ ημέρας 24ωρης καταγραφής (14,6 ± 4,8) (r=0,6, p<0,05), τον συντελεστή συσχέτισης της (CV, coefficient of variation) ΣΑΠ ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,12 ± 0,04) (r=0,47, p<0,05), το TRI της ΣΑΠ της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,48 ± 0,10) (r=0,57, p<0,05) καθώς και το TRI της ΣΑΠ ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής (0,48 ± 0,13) (r=0,72, p <0,05). Επιπλέον, μόνον ο δείκτης ημέρας της 24ωρης καταγραφής STRI συσχετίσθηκε ανεξάρτητα ηλικίας και 24ωρης ΑΠ με τον δείκτη μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας (Β=0,437, p<0,05). Επιπλέον, ο ίδιος δείκτης (Β=0,618, ρ<0,001), αλλά η ηλικία (Β=0,402, p<0,05) συσχετίσθηκαν και με την διάμετρο του αριστερού κόλπου. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Τα κύρια ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής είναι: α) Η αυτόματη ταλαντωσιμετρική συσκευή μέτρησης ΑΠ σε ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή φαίνεται να είναι αξιόπιστη κυρίως στην αξιολόγηση της ΣΑΠ, β) Ο αλγόριθμος αυτόματης ανίχνευσης κολπικής μαρμαρυγής κατά τη διάρκεια της μέτρησης της ΑΠ φαίνεται να είναι αξιόπιστος στην διάγνωση κολπικής μαρμαρυγής, γ) Σε ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή διαπιστώθηκε ότι υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικοί δείκτες όπως ο δείκτης μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας και η διάμετρος του αριστερού κόλπου συσχετίζονται με τη ΣΑΠ 24ωρης καταγραφής είτε ιατρείου, καθώς και με την συστολική πίεση σφυγμού είτε ιατρείου είτε της 24ωρης καταγραφής, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε συσχέτιση της ΔΑΠ με τους υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικούς δείκτες. Άρα, σε συνθήκες κολπικής μαρμαρυγής, η αυτόματη μέτρηση της ΣΑΠ προβλέπει την ασυμπτωματική βλάβη οργάνων-στόχων. δ) Οι ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερη μεταβλητότητα της ΔΑΠ όπως καταγράφεται με συσκευή 24ωρης καταγραφής της ΑΠ, συγκριτικά με την ομάδα ασθενών με φλεβοκομβικό ρυθμό, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε διαφορά στη μεταβλητότητα της ΣΑΠ μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων, ε) Τέλος, διαπιστώθηκε ασθενής συσχέτιση, που χρήζει περισσότερων μελετών για την αξιολόγηση της, μεταξύ βλάβης οργάνου-στόχου, όπως η υπερτροφία της αριστερής κοιλίας, αλλά και δεικτών διαστολικής δυσλειτουργίας, όπως η διάταση του αριστερού κόλπου, με δείκτες μεταβλητότητας της ΣΑΠ σε ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή.
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Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα
INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automa ...
INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automated oscillometric BP monitor was performed according to the European ESH-IP 2010 protocol in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, untreated or treated for hypertension with stable treatment for 4 weeks. In the second part of the study patients in atrial fibrillation were assessed with BP measurements in office and out of office (24-hour ambulatory or home BP monitoring). The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was confirmed with 12-lead electrocardiogram. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular mass and left atrial diameter. Finally the BP variability was evaluated in patients in atrial fibrillation by using the indexes: (1) standard deviation [SD], (2) coefficient of variation [CV] and (3) time rate index [TRI]) and their association with echocardiographic indexes was assessed.RESULTS: For the validation study 53 patients were evaluated (mean age 72.7±8 years, 24 women). The inter-observer variability was 0.1±3.9 / 0.1±4.3 mmHg (for systolic/diastolic BP) (SBP/DBP) and the intra-observer variability was 1.6±6.2 / 0.1±3.9 mmHg. The mean SBP difference between oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer was 2.3±7.7 mmHg and DBP 6±6.2 mmHg. The absolute differences of SBP among the two methods were 55% within 5 mmHg, 79% within 10 mmHg and 96% within 15 mmHg, whereas for DBP they were 52%, 77% and 86% respectively (pass criteria of ΕSH-IP validation protocol: ≤65%, ≤81% and ≤93% for differences within 5, 10 and 15 mmHg). Evaluation of the algorithm detection of atrial fibrillation showed that 90,2% of the detections were true positive, 7,1% false negative and detection failure occurred in 2,7% of the measurements. In the second part of the study 34 patients in atrial fibrillation were evaluated (72,5±6,7 years, 35,3% women). The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (mean 110 ± 26,1 g/m²) was positively correlated with left atrial diameter (LAD) (mean 49,5 ± 5,5 mm) (r=0,57, p<0,01) and the automated office pulse pressure (51,2 ± 14,9 mmHg) (r=0,36, p<0,05). Moreover, left atrial diameter was positively correlated with 24-hour SBP (120,3 ± 15,6 mmHg) (r=0,4, p<0,05), home SBP (SHBP) (131 ± 13,3 mmHg) (r=0,6, p<0,05), 24-hour pulse pressure (45,5 ± 7,7 mmHg) (r=0,64, p<0,01), and with automated officecardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automa ...
INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automated oscillometric BP monitor was performed according to the European ESH-IP 2010 protocol in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, untreated or treated for hypertension with stable treatment for 4 weeks. In the second part of the study patients in atrial fibrillation were assessed with BP measurements in office and out of office (24-hour ambulatory or home BP monitoring). The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was confirmed with 12-lead electrocardiogram. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular mass and left atrial diameter. Finally the BP variability was evaluated in patients in atrial fibrillation by using the indexes: (1) standard deviation [SD], (2) coefficient of variation [CV] and (3) time rate index [TRI]) and their association with echocardiographic indexes was assessed.RESULTS: For the validation study 53 patients were evaluated (mean age 72.7±8 years, 24 women). The inter-observer variability was 0.1±3.9 / 0.1±4.3 mmHg (for systolic/diastolic BP) (SBP/DBP) and the intra-observer variability was 1.6±6.2 / 0.1±3.9 mmHg. The mean SBP difference between oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer was 2.3±7.7 mmHg and DBP 6±6.2 mmHg. The absolute differences of SBP among the two methods were 55% within 5 mmHg, 79% within 10 mmHg and 96% within 15 mmHg, whereas for DBP they were 52%, 77% and 86% respectively (pass criteria of ΕSH-IP validation protocol: ≤65%, ≤81% and ≤93% for differences within 5, 10 and 15 mmHg). Evaluation of the algorithm detection of atrial fibrillation showed that 90,2% of the detections were true positive, 7,1% false negative and detection failure occurred in 2,7% of the measurements. In the second part of the study 34 patients in atrial fibrillation were evaluated (72,5±6,7 years, 35,3% women). The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (mean 110 ± 26,1 g/m²) was positively correlated with left atrial diameter (LAD) (mean 49,5 ± 5,5 mm) (r=0,57, p<0,01) and the automated office pulse pressure (51,2 ± 14,9 mmHg) (r=0,36, p<0,05). Moreover, left atrial diameter was positively correlated with 24-hour SBP (120,3 ± 15,6 mmHg) (r=0,4, p<0,05), home SBP (SHBP) (131 ± 13,3 mmHg) (r=0,6, p<0,05), 24-hour pulse pressure (45,5 ± 7,7 mmHg) (r=0,64, p<0,01), and with automated office pulse pressure (51,2 ± 14,9 mmHg) (r=0,38, p<0,05). In multiple regression analysis only 24-hour systolic BP was indepedently correlated with left ventricular mass index (Β= 1,15, ρ<0,05) and respectively 24-hour pulse pressure was associated with left atrial diameter in patients in atrial fibrillation (Β=0,44, ρ<0,05). In the third part of the study 84 patients with 24-hour BP measurement were assessed (mean age 72.8±6.2 years; 50 men; 42 in atrial fibrillation; MicrolifeWatchBP O3 n=42; Spacelabs 90207 n=42). The mean of accurate measurements was slightly higher in patients in sinus rhythm comparable with those in AF (n=59.7±9.1 vs. 53±10.8 respectively, p<0.05).ης 24ωρης καταγραφής, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε συσχέτιση της ΔΑΠ με τους υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικούς δείκτες. Άρα, σε συνθήκες κολπικής μαρμαρυγής, η αυτόματη μέτρηση της ΣΑΠ προβλέπει την ασυμπτωματική βλάβη οργάνων-στόχων. δ) Οι ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερη μεταβλητότητα της ΔΑΠ όπως καταγράφεται με συσκευή 24ωρης καταγραφής της ΑΠ, συγκριτικά με την ομάδα ασθενών με φλεβοκομβικό ρυθμό, ενώ δεν διαπιστώθηκε διαφορά στη μεταβλητότητα της ΣΑΠ μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων, ε) Τέλος, διαπιστώθηκε ασθενής συσχέτιση, που χρήζει περισσότερων μελετών για την αξιολόγηση της, μεταξύ βλάβης οργάνου-στόχου, όπως η υπερτροφία της αριστερής κοιλίας, αλλά και δεικτών διαστολικής δυσλειτουργίας, όπως η διάταση του αριστερού κόλπου, με δείκτες μεταβλητότητας της ΣΑΠ σε ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή.
περισσότερα
Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα
INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automa ...
INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor affecting 20-40% of the adult population in developed countries, while atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting 1-2% of the general population and especially the elderly. To date the absence of arrhythmia has been an exclusion criterion in all validation studies of automated devices for blood pressure (BP) measurement. Thus, very few validation studies of automated BP monitors have been performed in patients in atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated an association of BP variability with target organ damage independently of the average blood pressure levels. This study aimed to investigate: a) the BP measurement accuracy of an automated device for BP measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation and b) the assessment of BP variability in atrial fibrillation and its association with echocardiographic indexes.ΜETHODS: A validation study of an automated oscillometric BP monitor was performed according to the European ESH-IP 2010 protocol in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, untreated or treated for hypertension with stable treatment for 4 weeks. In the second part of the study patients in atrial fibrillation were assessed with BP measurements in office and out of office (24-hour ambulatory or home BP monitoring). The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was confirmed with 12-lead electrocardiogram. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular mass and left atrial diameter. Finally the BP variability was evaluated in patients in atrial fibrillation by using the indexes: (1) standard deviation [SD], (2) coefficient of variation [CV] and (3) time rate index [TRI]) and their association with echocardiographic indexes was assessed.RESULTS: For the validation study 53 patients were evaluated (mean age 72.7±8 years, 24 women). The inter-observer variability was 0.1±3.9 / 0.1±4.3 mmHg (for systolic/diastolic BP) (SBP/DBP) and the intra-observer variability was 1.6±6.2 / 0.1±3.9 mmHg. The mean SBP difference between oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer was 2.3±7.7 mmHg and DBP 6±6.2 mmHg. The absolute differences of SBP among the two methods were 55% within 5 mmHg, 79% within 10 mmHg and 96% within 15 mmHg, whereas for DBP they were 52%, 77% and 86% respectively (pass criteria of ΕSH-IP validation protocol: ≤65%, ≤81% and ≤93% for differences within 5, 10 and 15 mmHg). Evaluation of the algorithm detection of atrial fibrillation showed that 90,2% of the detections were true positive, 7,1% false negative and detection failure occurred in 2,7% of the measurements. In the second part of the study 34 patients in atrial fibrillation were evaluated (72,5±6,7 years, 35,3% women). The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (mean 110 ± 26,1 g/m²) was positively correlated with left atrial diameter (LAD) (mean 49,5 ± 5,5 mm) (r=0,57, p<0,01) and the automated office pulse pressure (51,2 ± 14,9 mmHg) (r=0,36, p<0,05). Moreover, left atrial diameter was positively correlated with 24-hour SBP (120,3 ± 15,6 mmHg) (r=0,4, p<0,05), home SBP (SHBP) (131 ± 13,3 mmHg) (r=0,6, p<0,05), 24-hour pulse pressure (45,5 ± 7,7 mmHg) (r=0,64, p<0,01), and with automated office pulse pressure (51,2 ± 14,9 mmHg) (r=0,38, p<0,05). In multiple regression analysis only 24-hour systolic BP was indepedently correlated with left ventricular mass index (Β= 1,15, ρ<0,05) and respectively 24-hour pulse pressure was associated with left atrial diameter in patients in atrial fibrillation (Β=0,44, ρ<0,05). In the third part of the study 84 patients with 24-hour BP measurement were assessed (mean age 72.8±6.2 years; 50 men; 42 in atrial fibrillation; MicrolifeWatchBP O3 n=42; Spacelabs 90207 n=42). The mean of accurate measurements was slightly higher in patients in sinus rhythm comparable with those in AF (n=59.7±9.1 vs. 53±10.8 respectively, p<0.05).
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