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The habitat inhabited by and in turn modified by the benthos is the result of many interacting factors, of regimes which cover scales from the global to the local, and of the intimate linkages between the water column and its factors and the substratum and its factors. Human impacts have major effects in the coastal benthic systems. In the case of Mediterranean fish farms it seems that they often are settled in the important habitat of Posidonia oceanica fields because the environmental characteristics of these areas (strong currents, good water quality, coarse sediment) fit perfectly with the special requirements of the fish farms. To study the impact of fish farming in different benthic Mediterranean habitats it was examined the pattern of organically enriched sediments by fish farming activities in a gradient of different sediment types. As testing grounds, muddy and seagrass habitats were chosen because of the different biogeochemical characteristics and functions of these areas. O ...
The habitat inhabited by and in turn modified by the benthos is the result of many interacting factors, of regimes which cover scales from the global to the local, and of the intimate linkages between the water column and its factors and the substratum and its factors. Human impacts have major effects in the coastal benthic systems. In the case of Mediterranean fish farms it seems that they often are settled in the important habitat of Posidonia oceanica fields because the environmental characteristics of these areas (strong currents, good water quality, coarse sediment) fit perfectly with the special requirements of the fish farms. To study the impact of fish farming in different benthic Mediterranean habitats it was examined the pattern of organically enriched sediments by fish farming activities in a gradient of different sediment types. As testing grounds, muddy and seagrass habitats were chosen because of the different biogeochemical characteristics and functions of these areas. Our results showed the relationship of the biogeochemical variables with bathymetry and sediment composition. Although the spatial extent of the organic enrichment due to fish farming was the same, faunal organisms and geochemical variables showed different patterns according to the functions of their habitat. The sediment fluxes of nutrients and oxygen were used as proxies for the study of the relationship between macrobenthic diversity and ecosystem function in the gradients of organically enriched sediments. The relationship between benthic diversity and TOC concentration followed the pattern proposed by (Hyland et al. 2005). Our results showed that fauna, abiotic factors, oxygen fluxes and nutrient exchange determined the function of the benthic ecosystem. The shifts in biogeochemical processes occurred as a function of diversity and depended on the nature of the sediments. In order to remove the effect of sediment functioning variability, we repeated the analyses separately for the two major habitat types (bare sediment of muddy and seagrass habitats). It seems that the overall response of biological and geochemical variables to the organic enrichment varied considerably among habitat types and the effects on the benthic environment are more difficult to detect in coarse sediments through standard monitoring.
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