Διερεύνηση της ιστορικής παρουσίας της φωτιάς και πρότυπα χωρικής μεταπυρικής αναγέννησης σε δασικά οικοσυστήματα Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold του όρους Ταϋγέτου

Περίληψη

Κατά τη διάρκεια των τελευταίων δεκαετιών, σε πολλές περιοχές του κόσμου,παρατηρείται μια σημαντική τάση αύξησης, τόσο του αριθμού των πυρκαγιών, όσο και των καμένων εκτάσεων. Επιπλέον, υπάρχει προβληματισμός για την αυξανόμενη παρουσία επικόρυφων πυρκαγιών σε δασικά οικοσυστήματα που ιστορικά δέχονταν κυρίως έρπουσες πυρκαγιές. Ανάμεσα στα πρόσφατα ευρέως επηρεαζόμενα από μεγάλες δασικές πυρκαγιές οικοσυστήματα περιλαμβάνονται και τα δάση Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold (Μαύρη πεύκη). Η Pinus nigra είναι ένα είδος μεγάλης οικολογικής και οικονομικής σημασίας, με ευρεία κατανομή στη Μεσογειακή λεκάνη. Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η διερεύνηση της ιστορικής παρουσίας της φωτιάς σε δασικά οικοσυστήματα Μαύρης πεύκης του όρους Ταϋγέτου, καθώς και η παρακολούθηση των χωρικών προτύπων μεταπυρικής αναγέννησης του είδους, ύστερα από τη μεγάλη σε ένταση και έκταση πυρκαγιά του 2007.Για την ανασύσταση της ιστορίας της φωτιάς στα δασικά οικοσυστήματα Μαύρης πεύκης εφαρμόστηκε η μέθοδ ...

Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα

During the recent decades there is an increasing trend of both fire activity and are aburned in many regions of the world. Moreover, there is a worldwide concernregarding the increasing presence of crown fires in forest types that were historically prone to surface fires. Among the recently affected mountainous forest ecosystems are those of Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold, an ecologically and economically important species that is widely distributed around the Mediterranean Basin. The aims of this study were to investigate the historical presence of fire in Black pine forest ecosystems, as well as to document the spatial patterns of its post-fire regeneration on Taygetos mountain range of Southern Greece that was severely burned in 2007. Dendrochronology has been used to investigate whether fire-regime attributes can be reconstructed from fire-scarred trees and also to examine the consistency of fire occurrence and spatial extent through time within the study area. Partial crosssections from ...

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During the recent decades there is an increasing trend of both fire activity and are aburned in many regions of the world. Moreover, there is a worldwide concernregarding the increasing presence of crown fires in forest types that were historically prone to surface fires. Among the recently affected mountainous forest ecosystems are those of Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold, an ecologically and economically important species that is widely distributed around the Mediterranean Basin. The aims of this study were to investigate the historical presence of fire in Black pine forest ecosystems, as well as to document the spatial patterns of its post-fire regeneration on Taygetos mountain range of Southern Greece that was severely burned in 2007. Dendrochronology has been used to investigate whether fire-regime attributes can be reconstructed from fire-scarred trees and also to examine the consistency of fire occurrence and spatial extent through time within the study area. Partial crosssections from fire scared Pinus nigra trees were sampled in June 2011 mainly within the perimeters of the 2007 and/or 1998 fires in order to be able to contrast recent fires with the long-term fire regime on the same sites. The sampling was designed to maximize the completeness of fire occurrence dates over as long a time period aspossible. The total number of individual trees sampled was 62: twenty five samples were collected from living trees, 23 from snags, 16 from cut stumps and 2 from logs. The elevation of sampling points varied between 1125 - 1588 m (mean 1361 m).Tree rings of the fire-scarred samples were measured and cross-dated. The COFECHA software was used with the tree-ring measurements to check the quality of dating and to assist in dating trees that could not be dated visually. The season offire occurrence was estimated based on the relative position of fire injuries within each annual ring. FHX2 software was used for analyzing the fire scar data. The meanfire interval and the Weibull median probability interval were calculated for all fires, as well as for ‘‘major’’ fire years, estimated by filtering only years in which ≥25% of the recording samples (those with open injuries, susceptible to further scarring) were scarred. For the events representing ‘‘major’’ fires their expected fire-extenthas been interpolated in space through a proximity analysis (Thiessen polygons) and the areas of Pinus nigra forests affected by each “major” fire event have been presented in maps. We were able to cross-date samples derived from 54 trees (87%) and identify their fire dates. The period covered by the fire-scarred samples was 290 years (1721-2010). The oldest confirmed fire date was 1801, while 1823 and 1830 represented the first fire dates recorded on more than one sample. During the last 165 years, 34 fire events have been recorded in the Black pine forest of the study area. The overall mean fire interval was 4.9 yrs, while 16.2 yrs was the mean fire interval for the larger in size fires (25%-scarred filter). Even at the individual-sample scale, with the sample mean fire interval equalling 29.5 years, the fire frequency still falls within the range of the ‘‘predictable stand-thinning fire’’ regime. The majority of fire scarsrecorded were dated to the warm and dry season of summer to fall. During the last 165 years of fire reconstruction, neither fire frequency nor percentage of trees scarred by fires varied significantly. Nevertheless, the size of the area burned as wellas the type of fire seem to have changed, with the 2007 event being the most extended crown fire encountered so far. For monitoring regeneration of Pinus nigra, after the megafire of 2007, a special design was followed by taking into consideration distance from unburned patches. Itis reported that active post-fire regeneration of Black pine is ensured only from neighboring unburned patches or sparse individuals of the species. Remote sensing techniques and GIS analysis were applied in order to extract information on the unburned patches within the fire perimeter and to spatially predict the potential recolonization of the burned areas. The spatial model predicts a regeneration failure over an area representing 12% of the pre-fire species distribution across the study area. A network of 18 sites was established for monitoring regeneration of Black pineduring three consecutive years from 2010 to 2012. Twelve sites were selected at the edges of the unburned patches, while six sites were established in completely burned areas, where the post-fire regeneration was expected to be practically zero. Densities of Black pine seedlings and saplings were measured in plots of 1x1m2 sequentially located along 3 transects of 100m long x 2m wide, established in each of the above sites. A total of 10,800 plots were sampled. Boosted regression tree analysis was used for identifying environmental and microhabitats variables with the most explanatory power concerning interpretation of Black pine post-fire regeneration. Statistically significant differences have been detected among pines densities recorded at sites located at the edges of the unburned patches and sites incompletely burned areas. Mean density in sites located at the edges of the unburned patches was 0.406 individuals m-2, while in the completely burned areas, five years after fire, the regeneration remains practically nil, with mean density being equal to 0.007 individuals m-2. Number of fires and presence of recovering ferns have a moderate effect on Black pine densities, followed by heat load, altitudeand diameter at breast height of the remaining unburned trees, while presence of herbs, coarse woody debris, soil depth and number of mature unburned trees have a relatively weak effect. The most important variable defining Black pine post-fire natural regeneration is distance from the unburned patch. Our study has provided additional evidence that Pinus nigra is indeed a fire-resistant tree species provided that it is exposed to surface fires, even if they are recurrently occurring. In the case of severe and extended crown fires its post-fire recovery depends almost exclusively on seed dispersal from neighboring unburned patches. Therefore, after a fire event, the assessment of the existence and the conservation of any unburned patch must be of primary importance. Environmental variables and microhabitat characteristics such as vegetation and presence of fallen branches and trunks, stumps and snags can greatly affect Black pine recruitment. Control of perennial herbs and reduction of ferns presence to a moderate level can promote Black pine regeneration. Removal of coarse woody debris should be avoided as apartfrom soil protection from erosion can also provide suitable microhabitats for Blackpine regeneration. To assist integrated forest management further research into fuel management, as well as and potential effects from changes in climate, is needed to clarify the factors leading to increasingly large and severe wildfires, in a region thatis expected to be severely impacted by climatic change.
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DOI
10.12681/eadd/44191
Διεύθυνση Handle
http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/44191
ND
44191
Εναλλακτικός τίτλος
Dendrochronology-based fire history reconstruction and post-fire regeneration patterns of Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in mount Taygetos, Southern Greece
Συγγραφέας
Χριστοπούλου, Αναστασία (Πατρώνυμο: Νικόλαος)
Ημερομηνία
2014
Ίδρυμα
Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Σχολή Θετικών Επιστημών. Τμήμα Βιολογίας. Τομέας Οικολογίας και Ταξινομικής
Εξεταστική επιτροπή
Αριανούτσου- Φαραγγιτάκη Μαργαρίτα
Δημητρακόπουλος Παναγιώτης
Καλλιμάνης Αθανάσιος
Κωνσταντινίδης Θεοφάνης
Θάνος Κωνσταντίνος
Γεωργίου Κυριάκος
Κούτσιας Νικόλαος
Επιστημονικό πεδίο
Φυσικές Επιστήμες
Γεωεπιστήμες και Επιστήμες Περιβάλλοντος
Βιολογία
Λέξεις-κλειδιά
Μαύρη Πεύκη; Καθεστώς φωτιάς; Δενδροχρονολόγηση; Μεταπυρική αναγέννηση; Πρότυπο διασποράς; Χαρακτηριστικά μικροενδιαιτήματος; Ενισχυμένα δένδρα παλινδρόμησης
Χώρα
Ελλάδα
Γλώσσα
Ελληνικά
Άλλα στοιχεία
215 σ., εικ., πιν., χαρτ., σχημ., γραφ.
Στατιστικά χρήσης
ΠΡΟΒΟΛΕΣ
Αφορά στις μοναδικές επισκέψεις της διδακτορικής διατριβής για την χρονική περίοδο 07/2018 - 07/2023.
Πηγή: Google Analytics.
ΞΕΦΥΛΛΙΣΜΑΤΑ
Αφορά στο άνοιγμα του online αναγνώστη για την χρονική περίοδο 07/2018 - 07/2023.
Πηγή: Google Analytics.
ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΤΩΣΕΙΣ
Αφορά στο σύνολο των μεταφορτώσων του αρχείου της διδακτορικής διατριβής.
Πηγή: Εθνικό Αρχείο Διδακτορικών Διατριβών.
ΧΡΗΣΤΕΣ
Αφορά στους συνδεδεμένους στο σύστημα χρήστες οι οποίοι έχουν αλληλεπιδράσει με τη διδακτορική διατριβή. Ως επί το πλείστον, αφορά τις μεταφορτώσεις.
Πηγή: Εθνικό Αρχείο Διδακτορικών Διατριβών.
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