Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing in Cyprus but also in entire Europe. TheWestern lifestyle in combine to the economic crisis it is possible to negatively affect qualityof life and nutrition. Prevention of childhood obesity is considered as one of the mostimportant means to fight increasing obesity prevalence in childhood, adulthood and its healthconsequences to both age groups. Aim: The main goal of the current study was to conductand evaluate an intervention program on a school base and a family base, in order to lowerobesity rates and promote healthy lifestyle in relation to nutrition and physical activity.Methods: Children two to nine years of age from Pafos and Strovolos areas participated inIDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and life style induced health effects inchildren and infants) study in Cyprus (n=2380). From the rest seven European countries of theIDEFICS study, 13884 participated at baseline study (2007-2008). The association ofbreastfeeding an ...
Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing in Cyprus but also in entire Europe. TheWestern lifestyle in combine to the economic crisis it is possible to negatively affect qualityof life and nutrition. Prevention of childhood obesity is considered as one of the mostimportant means to fight increasing obesity prevalence in childhood, adulthood and its healthconsequences to both age groups. Aim: The main goal of the current study was to conductand evaluate an intervention program on a school base and a family base, in order to lowerobesity rates and promote healthy lifestyle in relation to nutrition and physical activity.Methods: Children two to nine years of age from Pafos and Strovolos areas participated inIDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and life style induced health effects inchildren and infants) study in Cyprus (n=2380). From the rest seven European countries of theIDEFICS study, 13884 participated at baseline study (2007-2008). The association ofbreastfeeding and the introduction of solid foods, was investigated from data coming from alleight European countries (n=11657. 50.3% males). Respectively, within the Europeanpopulation, the association of breakfast consumption and health indices was investigated(n=8863, 51.2% males) while on a national level, breakfast habits were studied in relation todaily nutrients intake. (n=1558, 50.3% males, 4-8 years). After the two year school based andfamily based intervention program (2007-2010) in Cyprus (school based family interventiontook place in Strovolos while family based intervention took place in Strovolos as well, in“Open Schools” with two hours-weekly sessions for exercise and family nutritionaleducation/intervention). In total, 1743 out of 2380 children participated in follow up study in2009-2010 (850 children from Strovolos intervention group, 865 children from Pafos controlgroup and 28 children from Open School intervention group (50.6% males for all groups).Results: The two years intervention study did not affect significantly Cyprus population’sobesity prevalence. Still, boys of Strovolos intervention group, significantly reduced their Total Cholesterol blood levels while boys and girls reduced their weekly consumption of junkfood, compared to control group. In Open School intervention group, boys reducedsignificantly their weekly consumption of junk food and girls increased significantly theirdaily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Within the European population of the study itwas found that exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months followed by solid food introduction isprotective over future obesity in childhood; early introduction of fruits as well, regardless of milkinfant feeding practices. Daily breakfast consumption was found to help controlling school agedchildren’s weight, lipid profile and promotes higher physical activity in boys. On a nationallevel, within the Cypriot study population girls who have breakfast on a daily basis had lowermean Body Mass Index and they were also less likely of having abnormal levels of serumtriglycerides, atheromatic index (Total Cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio) and diastolic bloodpressure after controlling for several confounding factors. Within regular breakfast consumers, of both boys and girls, those having RTE cereals had a superior nutrient intake profile. Conclusions:According to results, early infant nutrition and breakfast habits are two significant nutritionareas that need to be further investigated; current data support that optimal breakfast habits,sufficient exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of solids during infancy play a keyrole for the prevention of future adiposity and/or abnormal cardiovascular risk factors duringchildhood. Intervention had light positive outcomes so the need for efficient interventionprograms in Cyprus remains as a challenge and it is urgently needed for such prevention andintervention programs to be stratified and implemented in public schools.
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