Οι συνδέσεις του αμυγδαλοειδή πυρήνα μετά των δομών του διεγκεφάλου εις τον εγκέφαλο του ανθρώπου: μελέτη δια της μεθόδου του NAUTA

Abstract

The present study is based on Nauta method, which stains thin bands of nerve fibers, such as the amygdalofugal pathway, which runs behind the amygdaloid complex to the hippocampus, as well as to the parahippocampal gyrus. However, they don't appear to be headed only towards the hippocampus at the hippocampal gyrus as is noticed by the literature but according to our observations, a part of these nerve fibers headed in form of a bundle towards the parahippocampal gyrus, and make up the posterior-dorsal amygdalofugal pathway, Adipepe B. Flavien Loukas et al. (2011). Apart from the amygdalo–cortical fibers that run towards adjacent cortical areas, the posterior-dorsal deductive pathway consists out of three components, the Crosby and Humphrey amygdalohippocampal bundle, the amygdaloparahippocampal bundle, as well as the amygdalooptic bundle towards outside to the optical radiation, at the optic pathway to the lateral geniculate body at the diencefalon. Then these amygdaloparahippocampal nerve fiber bundles, run towards the paraolfactory gyrus (the gray band gyrus) or fasciolaris cinerea gyrus ( Nieuwenhuys, Voogd, van Huijzen–The human central nervous system – Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg 1981: translation to greek A. Karamanidis) to reach the posterior corpus callosum and the posterior arms of the tendril, and trigger nerve impulses at the top and outside part of the diencefalon up to the hypothalamus breast, Adipepe B. Flavien Loukas et al. (2011). With these new facts, the deductive nerve fibers of the amygdaloid complex form as followed, i.e there are the well known cortico– amygdaloid and amygdalo–cortical nerve fibers, which both connect the amygdaloid nucleus to the adjacent cortex. Although during our observation, it seems that some anterior amygdalo–cortical nerve fibers run through the cortex boundaries, in form of a bundle straight to the tank fossa of the lateral slit towards the hypothalamus, and make up the anterior amygdaloid–cortex–hypothalamus bundles towards the hypothalamus at the diencfalon, Adipepe B. Flavien Loukas et al. (2011). Despite the fact that it is now recognized that ventral nerve fibers play a primary role, which run ventrally, i.e the stria terminalis, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway as well as the anterior link, it is though equally important we acknowledge the existence of the posterior-dorsal nerve fibers, which run back , i.e. the hippocampal bundle and the parahippocampal bundle, as well as the amygdalooptic bundle towards the optical radiation and the lateral geniculate body, at the optic pathway at the diencefalon, Adipepe B. Flavien Loukas et al. (2011). Given that in order to connect the amygdaloid complex, a side and bottom structure, with the diencefalon a central and anterior structure, the stria terminalis and the ventral amygdalofugal nerve fibers as well as the anterior link run through the space between the tank fossa of the side slit and the Reil insular, where it is literally occupied by the ribbed body structures, we believe that they may be considered functionally as streakiness dependent with the existing correlations. On the contrary, the posterior-dorsal amygdalofugal nerve fibers, are functionally exclusively non streakiness dependent. It is possible the the first pathway is used by the great need of use of the striated muscles, while the second pathway, in the state of inertia like when sleeping, Adipepe B. Flavien Loukas et al. (2011).

Η λειτουργία μιας περιοχής του ΚΝΣ γίνεται πιο εύκολα γνωστή από την αναγνώριση των νευρικών οδών σύνδεσης με άλλες νευρικές δομές, δηλαδή από την αναγνώριση του τόπου προέλευσης και αποστολής των ερεθισμάτων. Με την μελέτη μας, τεκμηριώσαμε τις ήδη γνωστές οδούς σύνδεσης του αμυγδαλοειδή πυρήνα, δηλαδή η τελική ταινία και η κοιλιακή, αμυγδαλοφυγόκεντρη οδός, καθώς επίσης οι φλοιοαμυγδαλικές και αμυγδαλοφλοιϊκες οδοί. Κατά την παρατήρησή μας, διαπιστώσαμε και άλλες οδούς σύνδεσης όπως: οι πρόσθιες αμυγδαλο-φλοιο-υποθαλαμικές δεσμίδες, οι οπισθιο-ραχιαίες οδοϊ: το ιπποκάμπειο δεμάτιο – το παραϊπποκάμπειο δεμάτιο, - την αμυγδαλοοπτική δεσμίδα. Μ’ αυτά τα νέα δεδομένα γνωρίζουμε σήμερα ότι ο αμυγδαλοειδής πυρήνας συνδεέται με τις δομές του διεγκεφάλου μέσω τελικής ταινίας, κοιλιακών αμυγδαλοφυγόκεντρων οδών, προσθίων και οπισθίων οδών.