Abstract
The aim of the present doctoral thesis is to present a complete study of the monastery of Varlaam of Holy Meteora. The formation of the Meteora cliffs represents a unique geological phenomenon on its own. They are in the region of the village of Kastraki, near the town of Kalabaka, of the Prefecture of Trikala. Holy Meteora is the second biggest and most significant complex of monasteries in Greece, following the Holy Mount of Athos. The origin of hermitage life at Meteora can be traced back to the 11th century. At that time, the monks lived alone as hermits at the foot of the rocks, in the caves, which exist to the present day and pit the Meteora cliffs. The word «monk» itself comes from the Greek monachos, meaning «alone». Some of the earliest such settlements were formed at the beginning of the 12th century on the Doupiani rock, which has innumerable small caves. This settlement was called the «Skete» of Doupiani or of «Stagoi» and was governed by its superior monk In time the hermi ...
The aim of the present doctoral thesis is to present a complete study of the monastery of Varlaam of Holy Meteora. The formation of the Meteora cliffs represents a unique geological phenomenon on its own. They are in the region of the village of Kastraki, near the town of Kalabaka, of the Prefecture of Trikala. Holy Meteora is the second biggest and most significant complex of monasteries in Greece, following the Holy Mount of Athos. The origin of hermitage life at Meteora can be traced back to the 11th century. At that time, the monks lived alone as hermits at the foot of the rocks, in the caves, which exist to the present day and pit the Meteora cliffs. The word «monk» itself comes from the Greek monachos, meaning «alone». Some of the earliest such settlements were formed at the beginning of the 12th century on the Doupiani rock, which has innumerable small caves. This settlement was called the «Skete» of Doupiani or of «Stagoi» and was governed by its superior monk In time the hermit-monks built around their caves a chapel to the name of Virgin Mary (Theotokos). In this chapel of Doupiani, the monks were gathered on Sundays to attend the Holy Mass, and it may be visited today. The small church is situated northwest of the present-day village of Kastraki, which did not exist at that time. After 1350 the monks abandoned the «Skete» and retreated to the summits of the Meteora cliffs, since these were inaccessible to the bandits who came from Turkey and Albany, pillaging the region of Thessaly and preventing the monks from the peaceful pursuit of their monastic duties. When St. Athansios founded the monastery of the Great Meteoron, he introduced in Meteora the communal monastic life, known as cenobitic, from the Geek koinobion, which indicates a shared life. During the years of greatest activity among the monasteries of Meteora, Thessaly was ruled first by Serbs and then by Turks. The monasteries of Meteora during the 16th century were 24, housing a very large number of monks. Subsequently they began to decline and today only six of them are still in use, namely : 1) Monastery of Varlaam (All the Saints), 2) Monastery of the Metamorphosis (Transfiguration) or The Great Meteoron, 3) Monastery of Saint Nicholas of Anapafsas, 4)Monastery of Hagios Stefanos, 5) Monastery of Hagias Triados (The Holy Trinity) and 6) Monastery of Roussanou (Hagias Varvaras), as well as parts of one or two others, are still in use. The rest have almost disappeared. The monastery of Varlaam was founded in the mid 14th century by its first inhabitant monk-askitis Varlaam who lived there, on the «rock of Varlaam», as it is called after his name. After his death the «rock of Varlaam» was left uninhabited. Its site was deserted for about two hundred years and the buildings fell into ruin. At the beginning of the 16th century, the second founders hieromonks Nektarios and Theofanes, brothers from the Apsarades’s eminent family of Ioannina, came forward and inhabited the rock in 1517. Before coming to Varlaam they had lived in the monastery of St John the Prodromos on the island in the lake of Ioannina. From 1517 onwards, a new era starts for the monastery of Varlaam. The thesis is consisted of two Volumes. Volume A΄ contains the texts and Volume B΄ the drawings and illustrations (photos) of the monastery.
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