Histone distribution during plant cell differentiation
Abstract
Histones are small, basic and highly cornserved proteins, necessary in DNA compaction into the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. The primary level of chromatin formation is the nucleosome, where 146bp of DNA are wrapped around a histone octamer core, comprised of two of each core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, while its structure is completed with the association of H1 linker histone. Each histone class, with the exception of H4, is represented by a family of structurally similar polypeptides called histone variants. Histone variants are synthesized in different relative amounts during the cell cycle and it has been proposed that they could be necessary in distinct chromatin functions. On the other hand, histone post-translational modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination, provide another level of heterogeneity to these proteins and is well established that they also play important roles in all chromatin functions. Although histone variants and mod ...
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