Ισλαμικά κινήματα και μουσουλμάνοι στη Δυτική Ευρώπη: πέρα από τον ισλαμικό εξτρεμισμό και την ισλαμοφοβία

Abstract

The dissertation examines the ideological and political influence that the Sunni Islamist movements exert on Muslims who live in Western Europe both as citizens and immigrants. The topic is of big interest to the European countries if we take into consideration that there is an ongoing discussion about the “European Islam”, when at the same time and especially after September 11th, 2001, the Islamist extremism caused the increase of islamophobic feelings that already existed in the European society. Thus, the present research approaches Islam both as a religion and as a socio-political system that was applied during the early years of Islam by the Prophet Muhammad and his successors. In addition, the analysis focuses on the ideology and the goals of the various Islamist movements and organizations that are active nowadays in Western Europe and on their impact on the Muslim communities who live in Western Europe. The dissertation contends that Islam is not monolithic and that it does not include a body of rigid rules and laws that reject western values as a whole. On the contrary, Islam is subject to various interpretations, some of which are adopted by the different Islamist movements and organizations. The fact is, however, that the transmission of the Islamist ideology to the Muslim communities of Western Europe, has led those Muslims who subscribe to them to distance themselves from the secular institutions and social structures of the host society.

Η διατριβή αυτή πραγματεύεται την επίδραση που ασκούν οι Σουνιτικές Ισλαμιστικές οργανώσεις στους μουσουλμάνους που διαβιούν στην δυτική Ευρώπη είτε ως μόνιμοι κάτοικοι είτε ως μετανάστες. Πρόκειται για ένα θέμα ιδιαίτερης σημασίας για τις ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, δεδομένου ότι εδώ και καιρό γίνεται λόγος για το «ευρωπαϊκό Ισλάμ», ενώ από την 11η Σεπτεμβρίου 2001, ο ισλαμικός εξτρεμισμός αύξησε την ισλαμοφοβία που ήδη υπήρχε στις ευρωπαϊκές κοινωνίες. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, λοιπόν, θα αναλυθεί το Ισλάμ.