Περίληψη
Η φυματίωση εξακολουθεί να αποτελεί σοβαρό πρόβλημα υγείας παγκοσμίως. Η έγκαιρη διάγνωση και αντιμετώπιση της νόσου, είναι σημαντικά για τη μείωση της μετάδοσης του μυκοβακτηριδίου και τηΥκαλή έκβαση της νόσου. Οι συμβατικές μέθοδοι απομόνωσης και ταυτοποίησης του Μ, tuberculosis παρουσιάζουν μειονεκτήματα, όπως χαμηλή ευαισθησία ή απαιτούν 4-8 εβδομάδες για την ολοκλήρωσή τους. Τα τελευταία χρόνια, έχει γίνει σημαντική πρόοδος στη διάγνωση της φυματίωσης με τη χρήση μοριακών τεχνικών. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν, η εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση της μεθόδου PCR για τη έγκαιρη διάγνωση διαφόρων κλινικών μορφών φυματίωσης.Συλλέχθηκαν 3457 δείγματα βιολογικών υλικών από ασθενείς με κλινική υποψία φυματίωσης και αξιολογήθηκαν 3180: 472 πτύελα, 193 βρογχοκυψελιδικό έκπλυμα (BAL), 851 εγκεφαλονωτιαίο υγρό, 765 γαστρικό υγρό, 512 πλευριτικό υγρό, 74 περικαρδιακό υγρό, 104 πύο, 189 ούρα, 20 οστικό υλικό τα οποία εξ The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in the diagnosis of different forms of tuberculosis.A total of 3180 clinical specimens; 472 sputum, 193 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 851 cerebrospinal fluid, 765 gastric fluid, 512 pleural fluid, 74 pericardial fluid, 104 abscess fluid, 189 urine, and 20 bone biopsies were collected prospectively and examined by PCR (Amplicor MTB), cultures on Lowenstein-Jensen agar and for presence of acid fast bacilli on direct smears. Clinical data for each patient had been collected on a standardized form. Patients were divided in three categories: Definite cases of tuberculosis were considered those with positive culture for M. tuberculosis, probable cases those with negative culture, but clinical features, laboratory, and radiographic findings compatible with TB, and the remaining patients without any clinical or laboratory evidence for TB were regarded to have no tuberculosis.M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in 32 of 34 bactreriologically confirmed (sensitivity 94,1%) and in 8 of 10 probable cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (sensitivity 80%), whereas only 12 of 631 with no tuberculosis yielded a PCR product corresponding to M. tuberculosis (specificity 98,1%). M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in 39 of 44 bactreriologically confirmed (sensitivity 88,6%) and in 14 of 17 probable cases of tuberculous meningitis (sensitivity 82,4%), whereas only 23 of 807 CSF samples from patients with no tuberculosis yielded a PCR product (specificity 98,1%). None of the CSF samples from patients with meningitis of known etiologies other than tuberculous (microbial,viral, etc., n= 'fx) yielded a positive result by PCR. In gastric aspirate specimens, M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in 27 of 29 bactreriologically confirmed (sensitivity 93,1%) and in 8 of 11 probable cases of tuberculosis (sensitivity 72,8%), whereas only 12 of 736 gastric aspirates from patients with no tuberculosis yielded a PCR product (specificity 98,4%). In the remaining specimens (pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, abscess fluid, urine, osseous biopsy specimen) M. tuberculosis DNA was detected in 36 of 52 bactreriologically confirmed (sensitivity 69,2%) and in 14 of 18 probable cases of tuberculosis (sensitivity 77,8%), whereas only 40 of 847 with no tuberculosis yielded a PCR product corresponding to M. tuberculosis (specificity 95,2%). The sensitivity of PCR was higher in smear positive than in smear negative samples. PCR results were available within 6,5 hours at a reasonable cost (70 € per sample).The findings support that Amplicor PCR MTB is a useful test with high sensitivity and specificity for rapid diagnosis of different forms of tuberculosis.
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